Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: Nelson, B. K.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

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Guide du marin sur la loi des tempêtes ou exposition pratique de la théorie et de la loi des tempêtes et de ses usages, pour les marins de toute classe, dans toutes les parties du monde ; explication de cette théorie au moyen de roses d'ouragan transparentes et d'utiles leçons
Auteur(s) : Piddington, Henry (1797-1858)
Auteurs secondaires : Chardonneau, Fortuné (1829-1881)
Année de publication :

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Bulletin officiel de la Guyane française
Année de publication :

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De Dunkerque au contesté franco-brésilien
Auteur(s) : Goureau (18..-19..)
Auteurs secondaires : Clair-Guyot, Ernest (1856-1938)
Année de publication :

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Lithospheric low-velocity zones associated with a magmatic segment of the Tanzanian Rift, East Africa
Auteur(s) : Plasman, M. TIBERI, Christel Ebinger, C. GAUTIER, Stephanie Albaric, J. PEYRAT, Sophie Deverchere, J. Le Gall, B.
Auteurs secondaires : Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO) ; Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS) - Université de Brest (UBO) - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - Université de Brest (UBO) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Risques ; Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) University of Rochester [USA] Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (LCE) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy University of Dar Es Salaam Nelson Mandea Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Rifting in a cratonic lithosphere is strongly controlled by several interacting processes including crust/mantle rheology, magmatism, inherited structure and stress regime. In order to better understand how these physical parameters interact, a 2 yr long seismological experiment has been carried out in the North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD), at the southern tip of the eastern magmatic branch of the East African rift, where the southward-propagating continental rift is at its earliest stage. We analyse teleseismic data from 38 broad-band stations ca. 25 km spaced and present here results from their receiver function (RF) analysis. The crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio are retrieved over a ca. 200 × 200 km2 area encompassing the South Kenya magmatic rift, the NTD and the Ngorongoro-Kilimanjaro transverse volcanic chain. Cratonic nature of the lithosphere is clearly evinced through thick (up to ca. 40 km) homogeneous crust beneath the rift shoulders. Where rifting is present, Moho rises up to 27 km depth and the crust is strongly layered with clear velocity contrasts in the RF signal. The Vp/Vs ratio reaches its highest values (ca. 1.9) beneath volcanic edifices location and thinner crust, advocating for melting within the crust. We also clearly identify two major low-velocity zones (LVZs) within the NTD, one in the lower crust and the second in the upper part of the mantle. The first one starts at 15–18 km depth and correlates well with recent tomographic models. This LVZ does not always coexist with high Vp/Vs ratio, pleading for a supplementary source of velocity decrease, such as temperature or composition. At a greater depth of ca. 60 km, a mid-lithospheric discontinuity roughly mimics the step-like and symmetrically outward-dipping geometry of the Moho but with a more slanting direction (NE–SW) compared to the NS rift. By comparison with synthetic RF, we estimate the associated velocity reduction to be 8–9 per cent. We relate this interface to melt ponding, possibly favouring here deformation process such as grain-boundary sliding (EAGBS) due to lithospheric strain. Its geometry might have been controlled by inherited lithospheric fabrics and heterogeneous upper mantle structure. We evidence that crustal and mantle magmatic processes represent first order mechanisms to ease and locate the deformation during the first stage of a cratonic lithospheric breakup.
ISSN: 0956-540X

hal-01622078
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622078
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622078/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622078/file/plasmanGJI2017.pdf
DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggx177

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The PLATO 2.0 mission
Auteur(s) : Rauer, H. Catala, C. Aerts, C. Appourchaux, T. Benz, W. Brandeker, A. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Deleuil, M.
Auteurs secondaires : DLR Institut für Planetenforschung ; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR) Instituut voor Sterrenkunde ; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS) ; Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Physikalisches Institut [Bern] ; Universität Bern [Bern] Stockholm University Stellar Astrophysics Centre (DASC) Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Observatoire de Paris - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Palaeontology ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - The Natural History Museum (NHM)

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Bulletin officiel de la Guyane française
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Speeches of Henry Lord Brougham, upon questions relating to Publics Rights, Duties, and Interests
Auteur(s) : Brougham, Henry (1778-1868)
Année de publication :

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